Perched in the limestone hills above the charming town of Nerja on Andalusia's Costa del Sol, the Caves of Nerja represent one of Spain's most impressive geological and archaeological sites. Stretching nearly 5 kilometers underground, they contain the world's largest known stalagmite column and some of the oldest cave art on the Iberian Peninsula, possibly dating back 42,000 years.
A Modern Discovery with Ancient Roots
The caves were rediscovered on January 12, 1959, by five local teenagers who were out exploring near a sinkhole known as "La Mina." Following a bat through a narrow crevice, they stumbled upon vast chambers filled with stalactites and stalagmites that had remained hidden for thousands of years.
Archaeological investigations soon revealed that the caves had been inhabited by humans as far back as 25,000 BC. Tools, pottery fragments, and skeletal remains from various periods have been recovered, painting a picture of continuous or periodic human occupation over millennia.
In 2012, researchers announced the discovery of paintings that may be the work of Neanderthals, potentially dating to 42,000 years ago. If confirmed, these would be among the oldest known examples of artistic expression by any human species. The findings remain under study by the scientific community.
The Cataclysm Hall
The most awe-inspiring chamber in the cave complex is the Sala del Cataclismo, or Cataclysm Hall. This enormous cavern houses a column measuring 32 meters in height and 13 by 7 meters at its base, recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest stalagmite.
The hall gets its name from the geological event, likely an earthquake, that caused a massive ceiling collapse millennia ago. The resulting debris field and subsequent mineral deposits created the dramatic landscape visitors see today, with fallen boulders draped in flowstone and new formations growing over the ancient rubble.
This section of the cave is part of the Upper Galleries, which are not currently open to the general public but can be viewed through a virtual reality experience at the visitor center.
The Show Galleries
The public tour covers the Show Galleries, approximately one third of the total cave system. The route passes through several named chambers, each with its own character:
- Hall of the Nativity (Belen): Named for formations that resemble a nativity scene, this is the first major chamber visitors encounter
- Hall of the Ghosts: Eerie formations and dramatic shadows create an atmospheric experience
- Hall of the Waterfall: A massive frozen cascade of calcite that resembles a frozen waterfall
- Ballet Hall: Used as an open-air concert and dance venue during the annual Nerja Cave Festival
The Ballet Hall deserves special mention. Every July, it hosts the International Festival of Music and Dance of the Caves of Nerja, attracting performers from around the world. The natural acoustics and dramatic setting make it one of Spain's most unique cultural venues.
Practical Information
Location
Carretera de Maro, s/n, 29787 Nerja, Malaga, Andalusia
Getting There
Malaga Airport is the nearest major airport (65 km). Drive east via the A-7/E-15 coastal motorway (about 50 minutes). ALSA buses connect Malaga to Nerja regularly. The cave is 4 km east of Nerja town center.
Admission
Adult tickets approximately 12 EUR, children (6-12) around 7 EUR, under 6 free. Visit the official website for current prices and seasonal schedules.
Accessibility
The visitor route involves some steps and uneven surfaces. The path is well-lit with handrails in most areas. The cave entrance area and museum are wheelchair accessible, but the cave interior has limitations.
Exploring the Nerja Area
The town of Nerja itself is a delightful destination. The Balcon de Europa, a palm-lined promenade jutting out over the Mediterranean, offers panoramic sea views. Below it, small coves with clear turquoise water provide some of the best beaches on the Costa del Sol.
The nearby village of Frigiliana, consistently voted one of the most beautiful pueblos blancos (white villages) in Andalusia, is just 6 km inland. Its steep cobbled streets, whitewashed houses, and Moorish heritage make it a perfect half-day excursion.
For nature enthusiasts, the Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama Natural Park surrounds the area, offering hiking trails with spectacular mountain and coastal views.